SMPTE Universal Leader

Background

During the mid-1960s, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) introduced a new design known as the SMPTE Universal Leader. This replacement took over from the previous Academy Leader. The SMPTE Universal Leader was intended for use in both television and cinema projection scenarios, although its adoption in theatrical settings was limited.

(Mid 1960s)

Title card
16 sound start
35 sound start
Picture start
Countdown
Control frames
2-pop

Leader: The presentation included an ongoing timer that counted down from 8 to 2 seconds (measured in time, not distance). The countdown was displayed at the center of a target with two white circles, accompanied by a rotating animation resembling a clock arm. Prior to the countdown, there were indications "16 SOUND START" and "35 SOUND START" within a circular target. Subsequently, the phrase "PICTURE START" appeared, marking the commencement of the countdown sequence. One noteworthy aspect was that the numbers were oriented correctly when projected onto a screen, unlike the Academy countdown numbers that would be upside down. During the four-count phase, the letters "C C F F" emerged around the countdown, symbolizing the frames utilized as "control frames." The specification for the Universal Leader can be found in ANSI/SMPTE 55. This standard also outlines the precise positioning and arrangement of cue marks at the conclusion of the reel.

Variants: Production/editing companies and/or studios would often have custom versions of this leader.

Technique: Cel animation.

Music/Sounds: At the 2-second mark of the countdown, a brief beep, known as the "2-pop," would sound.

Availability: Seen on many 16mm films and commercials, although they were rarely used in theatrical films.

Legacy: One of the most famous film leaders of all time, and has been parodied numerous times.